Rulers of the World 1888

Country
(Italics=Not Sovereign)
Head of State
(Bold=Pictured)
BornIn Office
BrazilEmperor Pedro II2 Dec18257 Apr1831
British Empire Queen Victoria24 May181920 Jun1837
PersiaNaser al-Din Shah Qajar16 Jul18315 Sep1848
Austro-Hungarian Empire Emperor Franz Joseph I 18 Aug 1830 2 Dec 1848
Netherlands King Willem III19 Feb 1817 17 Mar 1849
BadenGrand Duke Friedrich I9 Sep182622 Jan1858
PortugalKing Luis I31 Oct183811 Nov1861
Greece King George I 24 Dec 1845 30 Mar 1863
Denmark King Christian IX8 Apr 1818 16 Nov1863
KoreaKing Gojong8 Sep185213 Dec1863
WürttembergKing Karl I6 Mar182325 Jun1864
Belgium King Leopold II9 Apr 183517 Dec1865
JapanEmperor Mutsuhito3 Nov18523 Feb1867
SiamKing Chulalongkorn20 Sep18531 Oct1868
German EmpireEmperor Wilhelm I (King of Prussia 1861)22 Mar179718 Jan1871
AbyssiniaEmperor Yohannes IV11 Jul183711 Jul1871
Sweden & NorwayKing Oscar II21 Jan182918 Sep1872
SaxonyKing Albert23 Apr182829 Oct1873
HawaiiKing Kalākaua16 Nov183612 Feb1874
Chinese EmpireGuangxu Emperor14 Aug187125 Feb1875
Ottoman EmpireSultan Abdul Hamid II22 Sep184231 Aug1876
Italy King Umberto I14 Mar18449 Jan 1878
Holy SeePope Leo XIII2 Mar181020 Feb1878
HaitiPresident Lysius Salomon30 Jun181526 Oct1879
Russian Empire Emperor Alexander III10 Mar184513 Mar 1881
Roumania King Carol I (Prince 1866) 20 Apr1839 15 March 1881
NepalKing Prithvi18 August187517 May1881
ServiaKing Milan I (Prince 1868) 22 Aug1854 6 Mar1882
MadagascarQueen Ranavalona III22 Nov186130 Jul1883
EcuadorPresident José Plácido Caamaño5 Oct183723 Nov1883
HondurasPresident Luis Bográn3 Jun184930 Nov1883
BoliviaPresident Gregorio Pacheco4 Jul18233 Sep1884
MexicoPresident Porfirio Díaz15 Sep18301 Dec1884
United StatesPresident Grover Cleveland18 Mar18374 Mar1885
GuatemalaPresident Manuel Barillas17 Jan184516 Mar1886
ColombiaPresident Rafael Núñez28 Sep18251 Apr1886
Spain King Alfonso XIII17 May188617 May 1886
PeruPresident Andrés Avelino Cáceres10 Nov18365 Jun1886
BavariaPrince Regent Luitpold12 Mar182110 Jun1886
VenezuelaPresident Antonio Guzmán Blanco28 Feb182915 Sep1886*
ChilePresident José Manuel Balmaceda19 Jul184018 Sep1886
FrancePresident Marie François Sadi Carnot11 Aug18373 Dec1887
SwitzerlandPresident Wilhelm Hertenstein5 May18251 Jan1888

*Guzmán Blanco, included among the leaders pictured below, officially left office as President for the last time on 8 August 1887, but his successor Hermógenes López was considered to be under his influence and served only as interim president until 1888.

The above list is limited to empires, kingdoms, and republics, with the additions of the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Holy See since their leaders are included in the cigarette cards. Notable principalities at the time included Bulgaria, Montenegro, Liechtenstein, and Monaco. Republics not represented in the cards, such as San Marino and Liberia, are not included.

Monarchies of the World 1888
Belle Époque Rulers
European Sovereigns
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