| Country | Head of State | Born | Acceded | Consort (born) | Heir (born) |
 Austro-Hungarian Empire |
 Emperor Franz Joseph I |
18 Aug 1830 | 2 Dec 1848 |  Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863) |
|
 Principality of Liechtenstein |
 Prince Johann II |
5 Oct 1840 | 12 Nov 1858 |  Prince Franz (1853) |
|
 Kingdom of Montenegro |
 King Nikola I |
7 Oct 1841 | 13 Aug 1860 |  Queen Milena (1847) |
 Crown Prince Danilo (1871) |
 Kingdom of Rumania |
 King Carol I |
20 Apr 1839 | 20 Apr 1866 |  Queen Elisabeth (1843) |
 Crown Prince Ferdinand (1865) |
 Kingdom of Spain |
 King Alfonso XIII |
17 May 1886 | 17 May 1886 |  Queen Victoria Eugenie (1887) |
 Infante Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907) |
 Kingdom of Bulgaria |
 King Ferdinand I |
26 Feb 1861 | 7 Jul 1887 |  Queen Eleonore (1860) |
 Crown Prince Boris (1894) |
 German Empire |
 Emperor Wilhelm II |
27 Jan 1859 | 15 Jun 1888 |  Empress Auguste (1858) |
 Crown Prince Wilhelm (1882) |
 Principality of Monaco |
 Prince Albert I |
13 Nov 1848 | 10 Sep 1889 |  Her. Prince Louis (1870) |
|
 Kingdom of the Netherlands |
 Queen Wilhelmina |
31 Aug 1880 | 23 Nov 1890 |  Prince Hendrik (1876) |
 Princess Juliana (1909) |
 Russian Empire |
 Emperor Nicholas II |
18 May 1868 | 1 Nov 1894 |  Empress Alexandra (1872) |
 Tsarevich Alexei (1904) |
 Kingdom of Italy |
 King Victor Emanuel III |
11 Nov 1869 | 29 Jul 1900 |  Queen Helena (1873) |
 Crown Prince Umberto (1904) |
Kingdom of Servia |
 King Peter I |
11 Jul 1844 | 12 Jun 1903 |  Crown Prince Alexander (1888) |
|
 Kingdom of Norway |
 King Haakon VII |
3 Aug 1872 | 18 Nov 1905 |  Queen Maud (1869) |
 Crown Prince Olav (1903) |
 Kingdom of Sweden |
 King Gustaf V |
16 Jun 1858 | 8 Dec 1907 |  Queen Victoria (1862) |
 Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf (1882) |
 Ottoman Empire |
 Sultan Mehmed V |
2/3 Nov 1844 | 27 Apr 1909 |  Crown Prince Yusuf Izzettin Efendi (1857) |
|
 Kingdom of Belgium |
 King Albert I |
8 Apr 1875 | 23 Dec 1909 |  Queen Elisabeth (1876) |
 Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant (1901) |
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
 King George V |
3 Jun 1865 | 6 May 1910 |  Queen Mary (1867) |
 Prince Edward, Prince of Wales (1894) |
 Portuguese Republic |
 President Manuel de Arriaga |
8 Jul 1840 | 24 Aug 1911 |  Lucrécia de Arriaga (1844) |
|
 Grand Duchy of Luxemburg |
 Grand Duchess Marie Adelaide |
14 Jun 1894 | 25 Feb 1912 |  Princess Charlotte (1896) |
|
 Kingdom of Denmark |
 King Christian X |
26 Sep 1870 | 14 May 1912 |  Queen Alexandrine (1879) |
 Crown Prince Frederik (1899) |
 Albania |
 Prime Minister Ismail Qemali |
16 Jan 1844 | 29 Nov 1912 | ||
 Swiss Confederation |
 President Eduard Müller |
12 Nov 1848 | 1 Jan 1913 | ||
 French Republic |
 President Raymond Poincaré (Co-Prince of Andorra) |
20 Aug 1860 | 18 Feb 1913 |  Henriette Poincaré (1858) |
|
 Kingdom of Greece |
 King Constantine I |
2 Aug 1868 | 18 Mar 1913 |  Queen Sophie (1870) |
 Crown Prince George (1890) |
