European Sovereigns, 1913

(at the time of the marriage of Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia and Prince Ernst August of Hanover, 24 May, Berlin)

CountrySovereignBornAccededConsort (born)Heir (born)

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Emperor Franz Joseph I
18 Aug 18302 Dec 1848
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(1863)

Principality of Liechtenstein

Prince Johann II
5 Oct 1840 12 Nov 1858
Prince Franz (1853)

Kingdom of Montenegro

King Nikola I
7 Oct 1841 13 Aug 1860
Queen Milena (1847)


Crown Prince Danilo (1871)

Kingdom of Romania

King Carol I
20 Apr 183920 Apr 1866
Queen Elisabeth (1843)

Crown Prince
Ferdinand (1865)

Kingdom of Spain

King Alfonso XIII
17 May 1886 17 May 1886
Queen Victoria Eugenie (1887)

Infante Alfonso,
Prince of Asturias (1907)

Kingdom of Bulgaria

King Ferdinand I
26 Feb 18617 Jul 1887
Queen Eleonore (1860)

Crown Prince Boris (1894)

German Empire

Emperor Wilhelm II
27 Jan 1859 15 Jun 1888
Empress Auguste (1858)

Crown Prince Wilhelm (1882)

Principality of Monaco

Prince Albert I
13 Nov 1848 10 Sep 1889
Her. Prince Louis (1870)

Kingdom of the Netherlands

Queen Wilhelmina
31 Aug 1880 23 Nov 1890
Prince Hendrik (1876)

Princess Juliana (1909)

Russian Empire

Emperor Nicholas II
18 May 1868 1 Nov 1894
Empress Alexandra (1872)

Tsarevich Alexei (1904)

Kingdom of Italy

King Victor Emanuel III
11 Nov 1869 29 Jul 1900
Queen Helena (1873)

Crown Prince Umberto (1904)

Kingdom of Serbia

King Peter I
11 Jul 1844 12 Jun 1903
Crown Prince
Alexander (1888)

Kingdom of Norway

King Haakon VII
3 Aug 187218 Nov 1905
Queen Maud (1869)

Crown Prince Olav (1903)

Kingdom of Sweden

King Gustaf V
16 Jun 18588 Dec 1907
Queen Victoria (1862)

Crown Prince
Gustaf Adolf (1882)

Ottoman Empire

Sultan Mehmed V
2/3 Nov 184427 Apr 1909
Crown Prince
Yusuf Izzettin Efendi (1857)

Kingdom of Belgium

King Albert I
8 Apr 187523 Dec 1909
Queen Elisabeth (1876)

Prince Leopold,
Duke of Brabant (1901)

United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland

King George V
3 Jun 1865 6 May 1910
Queen Mary (1867)

Prince Edward,
Prince of Wales (1894)

Grand Duchy of Luxemburg

Grand Duchess
Marie Adelaide
14 Jun 1894 25 Feb 1912
Princess Charlotte (1896)

Kingdom of Denmark

King Christian X
26 Sep 187014 May 1912
Queen Alexandrine (1879)

Crown Prince Frederik (1899)

Kingdom of Greece

King Constantine I
2 Aug 1868 18 Mar 1913
Queen Sophie (1870)

Crown Prince George (1890)

Video

German Rulers, 1913

StateRulerBornAcceded
Saxe-MeiningenDuke Georg II2 Apr182620 Sep1866
BavariaKing Otto I27 Apr184813 Jun1886
German Empire (Prussia)Emperor (King) Wilhelm II27 Jan185915 Jun 1888
WürttembergKing Wilhelm II25 Feb18486 Oct1891
HesseGrand Duke Ernst Ludwig25 Nov186813 Mar1892
Waldeck & PyrmontPrince Friedrich20 Jan186512 May1893
Mecklenburg-SchwerinGrand Duke Friedrich Franz IV9 Apr188210 Apr1897
OldenburgGrand Duke Friedrich August II16 Nov185213 Jun1900
Saxe-Coburg & GothaDuke Carl Eduard19 Jul188430 Jul1900
Saxe-Weimar-EisenachGrand Duke Wilhelm Ernst10 Jun18765 Jan1901
Reuss (Senior Line)Prince Heinrich XXIV20 Mar187819 Apr1902
AnhaltDuke Friedrich II19 Aug185624 Jan1904
Mecklenburg-StrelitzGrand Duke Adolf Friedrich V22 Jul184830 May1904
SaxonyKing Friedrich August III25 May186515 Oct1904
LippePrince Leopold IV30 May187113 Jan1905
BadenGrand Duke Friedrich II9 Jul185728 Sep1907
Saxe-AltenburgDuke Ernst II31 Aug18717 Feb1908
SchwarzburgPrince Günther21 Aug185228 Mar1909
Schaumburg-LippePrince Adolf II23 Feb188329 Apr1911
Reuss (Junior Line)Prince Heinrich XXVII10 Nov185829 Mar1913


(By May 1913, the Balkan League of Greece, Servia, & Bulgaria had already mostly expelled the Ottoman Empire from Europe, but borders were not entirely settled yet and most maps in use would have still looked like this.)



New York Times: Kaiser, 25 Years a Ruler, Hailed as Chief Peacemaker
European Sovereigns
Home