| Country | Sovereign | Born | Acceded | Consort | Heir | ||
| Austria-Hungary | Emperor Franz Joseph I | 18 August | 1830 | 2 December | 1848 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863) | |
| Liechtenstein | Prince Johann II | 5 October | 1840 | 12 November | 1858 | Prince Franz (1853) | |
| Montenegro | Prince Nikola I | 7 October | 1841 | 13 August | 1860 | Princess Milena (1847) | Her. Prince Danilo (1871) |
| Greece | King George I | 24 December | 1845 | 27 June | 1863 | Queen Olga (1851) | Crown Prince Constantine (1868) |
| Belgium | King Leopold II | 9 April | 1835 | 17 December | 1865 | Prince Albert (1875) | |
| Romania | King Carol I | 20 April | 1839 | 20 April | 1866 | Queen Elisabeth (1843) | Crown Prince Ferdinand (1865) |
| Spain | King Alfonso XIII | 17 May | 1886 | 17 May | 1886 | Queen Victoria Eugenie (1887) | Infante Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907) |
| Bulgaria | King Ferdinand I | 26 February | 1861 | 7 July | 1887 | Queen Eleonore (1860) | Crown Prince Boris (1894) |
| Germany | Emperor Wilhelm II | 27 January | 1859 | 15 June | 1888 | Empress Augusta (1858) | Crown Prince Wilhelm (1882) |
| Monaco | Prince Albert | 13 November | 1848 | 10 September | 1889 | Her. Prince Louis (1870) | |
| Netherlands | Queen Wilhelmina | 31 August | 1880 | 23 November | 1890 | Prince Hendrik (1876) | Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1876) |
| Russia | Emperor Nicholas II | 18 May | 1868 | 1 November | 1894 | Empress Alexandra (1872) | Tsarevich Alexei (1904) |
| Italy | King Vittorio Emanuele III | 11 November | 1869 | 29 July | 1900 | Queen Elena (1873) | Crown Prince Umberto (1904) |
| United Kingdom | King Edward VII | 9 November | 1841 | 22 January | 1901 | Queen Alexandra (1844) | Prince George, Prince of Wales (1865) |
| Servia | King Peter I | 11 July | 1844 | 12 June | 1903 | Crown Prince George (1887) | |
| Luxemburg | Grand Duke Guillaume IV | 22 April | 1852 | 17 November | 1905 | Grand Duchess Maria Anna (1861) | Princess Marie Adelaide (1894) |
| Norway | King Haakon VII | 3 Aug | 1872 | 18 November | 1905 | Queen Maud (1869) | Crown Prince Olav (1903) |
| Denmark | King Frederik VIII | 3 June | 1843 | 29 January | 1906 | Queen Louise (1851) | Crown Prince Christian (1870) |
| Sweden | King Gustaf V | 16 June | 1858 | 8 December | 1907 | Queen Victoria (1862) | Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf (1882) |
| Portugal | King Manuel II | 15 November | 1889 | 1 February | 1908 | Prince Afonso, Duke of Oporto (1865) | |
German Rulers
| State | Ruler | Born | Acceded | ||
| Saxe-Meiningen | Duke Georg II | 2 Apr | 1826 | 20 Sep | 1866 |
| Reuss (Junior Line) | Prince Heinrich XIV | 28 May | 1832 | 11 Jul | 1867 |
| Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | Prince Karl Günther | 7 Aug | 1830 | 17 Jul | 1880 |
| Bavaria | King Otto I | 27 Apr | 1848 | 13 Jun | 1886 |
| German Empire (Prussia) | Emperor (King) Wilhelm II | 27 Jan | 1859 | 15 Jun | 1888 |
| Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | Prince Günther Viktor | 21 Aug | 1852 | 19 Jan | 1890 |
| Württemberg | King Wilhelm II | 25 Feb | 1848 | 6 Oct | 1891 |
| Hesse | Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig | 25 Nov | 1868 | 13 Mar | 1892 |
| Schaumburg-Lippe | Prince Georg | 10 Oct | 1846 | 8 May | 1893 |
| Waldeck & Pyrmont | Prince Friedrich | 20 Jan | 1865 | 12 May | 1893 |
| Mecklenburg-Schwerin | Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV | 9 Apr | 1882 | 10 Apr | 1897 |
| Oldenburg | Grand Duke Friedrich August II | 16 Nov | 1852 | 13 Jun | 1900 |
| Saxe-Coburg & Gotha | Duke Carl Eduard | 19 Jul | 1884 | 30 Jul | 1900 |
| Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst | 10 Jun | 1876 | 5 Jan | 1901 |
| Reuss (Senior Line) | Prince Heinrich XXIV | 20 Mar | 1878 | 19 Apr | 1902 |
| Anhalt | Duke Friedrich II | 19 Aug | 1856 | 24 Jan | 1904 |
| Mecklenburg-Strelitz | Grand Duke Adolf Friedrich V | 22 Jul | 1848 | 30 May | 1904 |
| Saxony | King Friedrich August III | 25 May | 1865 | 15 Oct | 1904 |
| Lippe | Prince Leopold IV | 30 May | 1871 | 13 Jan | 1905 |
| Baden | Grand Duke Friedrich II | 9 Jul | 1857 | 28 Sep | 1907 |
| Saxe-Altenburg | Duke Ernst II | 31 Aug | 1871 | 7 Feb | 1908 |
Monarchs of Asia and Africa
| Country | Sovereign | Born | Acceded |
| Japan | Emperor Mutsuhito | 1852 | 1867 |
| Siam | King Chulalongkorn | 1853 | 1868 |
| Ottoman Empire | Sultan Abdul Hamid II | 1842 | 1876 |
| Nepal | King Prithvi | 1875 | 1881 |
| Ethiopia | Emperor Menelik II | 1844 | 1889 |
| Persia | Shah Mohamed Ali | 1872 | 1907 |
| Korea | Emperor Sunjong | 1874 | 1907 |
| Bhutan | King Ugyen Wangchuk | 1862 | 1907 |
| China | Emperor Pu Yi | 1906 | 1908 |